As a result, she was given the nickname Bloody Mary. They had two children George (who was a prisoner of war in Colditz castle during the war) and Gerald. He replied, "The Queen". photo: www.findagrave.com. [19] By the 1940s, Princess Mary was attending the opening nights and many of the festival's performances, as was her son, George, and his wife, the Countess of Harewood, ne Marion Stein, a former concert pianist. WebMary of Great Britain (5 March 1723 14 January 1772) was the second-youngest daughter of George II of Great Britain and his wife, Caroline of Ansbach, and Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel as the wife of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel . (Photo by W. & D. Downey/Getty Images), Harewood House was recently used as a location for Victoria, andJane Marriott, director of the Harewood House Trust, told The Telegraph: "It's a fine balancing act to make sure you create the most wonderful spaces to recreate these films but protect the assets that the public own.". ), English princess, the third wife of King Louis XII of France; she was the sister of Englands King Henry VIII (ruled 150947) and the grandmother of Lady Jane Grey, who was titular queen of England for nine days in 1553. The Princess Royal, as she was known, died on 28th March 1965 and was buried at Harewood House in Yorkshire. 1st February 1922: Viscount Lascelle, 6th Earl of Harewood and Princess Royal Mary (Victoria Alexandra Alice) Harewood (1897 - 1965), Countess of Harewood, only daughter of George V, seen here with bridesmaids on the occasion of their wedding. Her life was radically altered when Henry divorced Catherine to marry Anne Boleyn. Mary, however, continued to celebrate mass in the old form in her private chapel and was once again in danger of losing her head. She was also close to her aunt, the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and wrote to her every week. [50] Her will was sealed in London after her death with her estate valued at 347,626 (or 4.7 million in 2022 when adjusted for inflation).[51]. Mary also became active in supporting the Voluntary Aid Detachment, the Womens Land Army, and the Girl Guides. [23] She was also patron of the Girls' Patriotic Union of Day Schools. When in 1554 it became clear that she would marry Philip, a Protestant insurrection broke out under the leadership of Sir Thomas Wyatt. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The tour was almost immediately followed by a trip to Spain for the wedding of King Alfonso XIII to Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, at which the bride and groom narrowly avoided assassination. [10][11] She presented this fund to the Girl Guides Association for the purchase of the estate of Foxlease, and following the exhibition of her wedding presents, she also contributed half the proceeds to the same cause, for upkeep, a total of 10,000, which enabled the project to go ahead. Romola Garai (as Princess Mary), with Ekow Quartey and Jamie Parker (as Duke of Northumberland) in a scene in (C) Starz TV series, Becoming Elizabeth (TV) (2022) S01E07 Creator: Anya Reiss Source;King Henry VIII of England dies and leaves three children and others to fight it out about who will succeed Such was my mother's pride in her children that everything that happened to each one was of the utmost importance to her. She attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953, and later represented the Queen at the independence celebrations of Trinidad and Tobago in 1962, and Zambia in 1964. In 1897, she became the patron of the London Needlework Guild in succession to her mother. This demand ignored, he presently jilted her and concluded a more advantageous match. [49] One of her last official engagements was to represent the Queen at the funeral of Queen Louise of Sweden in early March 1965. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. WebPrincess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (25 April 1776 30 April 1857) was the eleventh child and fourth daughter of King George III of the United Kingdom and his consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . She broke down in tears at the thought of leaving her children, who were to be left in the care of their grandparents, for such a long time. She advised him on speeches and used her extensive knowledge of history and royalty to advise him on matters affecting his position. On several occasions, she would express to hosts, or others, that she admired something they had in their possession, in the expectation that the owner would be willing to donate it. On 28 February 1922, Princess Mary married Viscount Lascelles,[31] the elder son of Henry Lascelles, 5th Earl of Harewood, and Lady Florence Bridgeman, daughter of Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford of Weston Park. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images). While the Crawleys weren't actually around to accommodate royalty in 1927, Mary's struggles with public life in the movie weren't too far removed from her real-life counterpart. WebMary I (18 February 1516 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as " Bloody Mary " by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. Marys life was radically disrupted, however, by her fathers new marriage to Anne Boleyn. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall, and Princess of Wales. Birth Year: 1867. Edward VI succeeded his father in 1547 and, swayed by religious fervour and overzealous advisers, made English rather than Latin compulsory for church services. [43] In March 1953, she cut short her tour of the West Indies and before returning to London, made a surprise diversion to New York, where she met with the Duke and Duchess of Windsor. Her estate was valued at 406,407 (or 7.9 million in 2022 when adjusted for inflation).[68]. After the abdication crisis, she and her husband went to stay with the former Edward VIII, by then created Duke of Windsor, at Enzesfeld Castle near Vienna. An ocean liner, a battlecruiser, and a university were named in her honour. The film also briefly refers to the Prince of Wales, who was then Edward, Mary's brother who later abdicated the throne and caused Elizabeth's father to be King. [55], Media related to Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood at Wikimedia Commons. With the birth of each new child, Mama started an album in which she painstakingly recorded each progressive stage of our childhood". Mary went on to marryViscount Lascelles, sixth Earl of Harewood House at Westminster Abbey, in 1922. The only people to complain about the arrangements were the royal servants, who found the house too small,[53] though Queen Mary annoyed her niece by having the ancient ivy torn from the walls as she considered it unattractive and a hazard. Marriage On 28th February 1922 Princess Mary was married to Henry, Viscount Lascelles, soldier, later the 6th Earl of Harewood (died 1947), in Westminster Abbey. After Henry married Anne Boleyn in 1533, Mary was forbidden from seeing her mother and restricted in her access to her father. She was born at Sheen Palace, on 18 March 1496. One of these projects was Princess Mary's Christmas Gift Fund, through which a total of 100,000 worth of gifts was sent to serving British soldiers and sailors for Christmas, 1914,[4][5] the equivalent of 10,209,900 as of 2023. The wedding was the first time a child of a monarch had married at Westminster Abbey since 1290 when Margaret of England, daughter of King Edward I, married John II, son of Duke of Brabant. [24] He expressed a less charitable view, however, in private letters to his wife after his mother's death: "My sadness was mixed with incredulity that any mother could have been so hard and cruel towards her eldest son for so many years and yet so demanding at the end without relenting a scrap. This post contains spoilers for the Downton Abbey movie. Princess Mary was educated by governesses, but shared some lessons with her brothers, Prince Edward, Prince Albert, and Prince Henry. )[50] In May 1939, Mary was in a car crash: her car was overturned but she escaped with minor injuries and bruises.[51]. After her husband's death in 1947, the Princess Royal lived at Harewood House with her elder son and his family. Early life ), English princess, the third wife of King Louis XII of France; she was the sister of Englands King Henry VIII (ruled 150947) and the grandmother of Lady Jane Grey, who was titular queen of England for nine days in 1553. Mary's husband ascended the throne and she became queen consort. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, clothing, and personal effects. WebPrincess Mary and Lord Lascelles (Henry) were married at Westminster Abbey on February 28, 1922. moves to the West Yorkshire mansion to marry the 6th Earl and be visited by her parents for a grand ball. For three years rebel bodies dangled from gibbets, and heretics were relentlessly executed, some 300 being burned at the stake. Mary Tudor was the only child born to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon to survive childhood. She visited centres associated with Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps or Voluntary Aid Detachment Units, and hospitals with wounded soldiers. "[33] The Princess refused to share details of her honeymoon with the press. Mary was removed from the succession in her father's marriage disputes during some periods of her childhood and early adulthood. The previous Princess Royal, Marys aunt Louise, had died the previous year. Early life Six weeks after the announcement of the engagement, he died unexpectedly during an influenza pandemic. She "learned to exercise her native discretion, firmness, and tact" by resolving her three younger brothers' petty boyhood squabbles. [5][36] In farming pursuits, Princess Mary also became an expert in cattle breeding and was on the board of trustees of the Royal Agricultural Society of England of which her husband had been president. Harewood House is open to the public and holds her archive. WebPrincess Mary was the only daughter of George V and Queen Mary and was born on the Sandringham estate on 25th April 1897. Henry, 6th Earl of Harewood died at Harewood House on May 23, 1947. On March 28, 1965, Mary went for a walk on the grounds of Harewood House with her elder son George and two of her grandsons. Her emotions spill over during her parents' visit to Downton, and Crawley chauffeur-turned-brother-in-law Tom Branson (Allen Leech) discovers her crying on the estate's grounds. Still an Irish nationalist at heart, Tom doesn't recognize Mary and comforts her, inspiring her to take active steps toward improving her marriage. She was known as Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Roman Catholicism in England. Mary was removed from the succession in her father's marriage disputes during some periods of her childhood and early adulthood. [44] She posed for photographs with them before she and the duke boarded the ship they travelled on to visit their ailing mother, Queen Mary. The only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary was born on April 25, 1897, in the year of the Diamond Jubilee of her great-grandmother Queen Victoria, at York Cottage on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, England. No royal had undertaken such an ambitious tour before. ), English princess, the third wife of King Louis XII of France; she was the sister of Englands King Henry VIII (ruled 150947) and the grandmother of Lady Jane Grey, who was titular queen of England for nine days in 1553. She then held court at Ludlow Castle while new betrothal plans were made. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Mary was the first queen to rule England in her own right with full coronation. [52] Her personal belongings were transported from London in seventy pieces of luggage. [65] She had let it be known that should she die, the coronation should not be postponed. On November 20, 1921, she became engaged to Henry, Viscount Lascelles, the eldest son of Henry Lascelles, 5th Earl of Harewood and Lady Florence Bridgeman, daughter of Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford. [45], At the outbreak of World War II, the Princess Royal became chief controller and later controller commandant of the Auxiliary Territorial Service, renamed the Women's Royal Army Corps in 1949. [1] Mary was crowned alongside her husband at a coronation on 22 June 1911 in Westminster Abbey. She was informally known as "May", after the month of her birth. she still represented Queen Elizabeth at events. During his illness in 1928, one of his doctors, Sir Farquhar Buzzard, was asked who had saved the King's life. During World War I, when she was a teenager, Mary accompanied her mother Queen Mary on visits to hospitals and other organizations that assisted soldiers and their families. [14] She received the Silver Fish Award, Girl Guiding's highest adult honour, in recognition of her contribution to the movement. WebPrincess Mary was the only daughter of George V and Queen Mary and was born on the Sandringham estate on 25th April 1897. Had she been born a boy, it is likely that the whole of English history would have been different (but probably less interesting!). Wyatt was defeated and executed, and Mary married Philip, restored the Catholic creed, and revived the laws against heresy. Entry of Queen Mary I with Princess Elizabeth into London in 1553 by John Byam Liston Shaw. For her nieces, see, Queen Mary's funeral carriage. by Susan Flantzer Unofficial Royalty 2014. Princess Mary was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary, born at Sandringham in 1897 during Queen Victoria's reign . Who was Princess Mary? The daughter of King Henry VIII and the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon, Mary as a child was a pawn in Englands bitter rivalry with more powerful nations, being fruitlessly proposed in marriage to this or that potentate desired as an ally. [1] The Princess Royal and the Earl of Harewood had two sons, George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, and The Honourable Gerald Lascelles. "She embodied the image of public service that the royal family cultivated in this century," the obituary read. [47] She saw it as her duty to provide moral support for her second son, the reserved Prince Albert, Duke of York. Queen Mary paid particular attention to his care. The family moved their London residence from St James's Palace to Marlborough House. She later married Mary's brother, Prince Albert, and became queen consort of the United Kingdom upon his accession in 1936. Marys father, King Henry VII (ruled 14851509) betrothed her to Archduke Charles (later the Holy Roman emperor Charles V) in 1507. [37] News of the tsar's abdication provided a boost to those in Britain who wished to replace their own monarchy with a republic. Mary, now thirty-seven, rode into London in August 1553 officially as Queen. The pope, however, refused to recognize Henrys right to divorce Catherine, even after the divorce was legalized in England. [29], From October 1905 the Prince and Princess of Wales undertook another eight-month tour, this time of India, and the children were once again left in the care of their grandparents. [41], In the late 1920s, George V became increasingly ill with lung problems, exacerbated by his heavy smoking. By the end of the film, she's much happier, telling her parents Tom gave her the confidence to stay married. She refused to do so until her cousin, the emperor Charles, persuaded her to give in, an action she was to regret deeply. She was known to offer lifts to soldiers she spotted on the roads. [20] The new Duke and Duchess of York lived in York Cottage on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, and in apartments in St James's Palace. In the early years of their marriage, Mary and Henry lived at Chesterfield House in London and Goldsborough Hall in Yorkshire. Birth Year: 1867. Harewood House says those who arrive at the house in period costume during the week of the film's release will be permitted free entry. Mary Tudor, (born March 1495/96died June 24, 1533, Westhorpe, Suffolk, Eng. 1922: From left to right; Queen Mary, King George V, with their daughter Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary, the Princess Royal, and Viscount Lascelle, 6th Earl of Harewood, on their wedding day. [74][75] The shield is surmounted by the imperial crown, and supported by the crowned lion of England and "a stag Proper" as in the arms of Wrttemberg.[75]. Christened, Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary, when she was born she was fifth in line to the throne, behind her brothers Prince Edward (later Edward VIII who abdicated over his marriage to Wallis Simpson in 1936) and Prince Albert (later King George VI). This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. [33] It was the first royal occasion in which Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, a friend of Princess Mary, participated, as one of the bridesmaids. Romola Garai (as Princess Mary), with Ekow Quartey and Jamie Parker (as Duke of Northumberland) in a scene in (C) Starz TV series, Becoming Elizabeth (TV) (2022) S01E07 Creator: Anya Reiss Source;King Henry VIII of England dies and leaves three children and others to fight it out about who will succeed Corrections? The wedding was reported by Path News, including the appearance of the couple on the palace balcony. Her godparents were: Princess Mary was educated by governesses and also shared some lessons with her brothers. The children were put into the care of a nanny, as was usual in upper-class families at the time. Pope-Hennessy, p. 584, Edwards, p. 401 and Pope-Hennessy, p. 575, Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (sportswoman), Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, George Cambridge, 2nd Marquess of Cambridge, Wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck, List of titles and honours of Mary of Teck, Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, "Find Queen Mary Has No Broken Bones; But Physicians Reveal Painful Injury to Her Eye", "1953: Queen Mary dies peacefully after illness", "187m of Windsor family wealth hidden in secret royal wills", "History of the Queen Mary Reservoir Sunbury Matters", Grand Master of the Order of the British Empire, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein, Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by marriage, Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_of_Teck&oldid=1141687800, Companions of the Order of the Crown of India, Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St John, Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India, Ladies of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, People associated with Queen Mary University of London, Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 08:13. During the British Mandate of Palestine, a major street in Jerusalem next to the Old City was called Princess Mary Street. [67], Mary's will was sealed in London after her death. [55] She paid above-market estimates when purchasing jewels from the estate of Dowager Empress Marie of Russia[56] and paid almost three times the estimate when buying the family's Cambridge Emeralds from Lady Kilmorey, the mistress of her late brother Prince Francis. [10], Although May was a great-grandchild of George III, she was only a minor member of the British royal family. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, Englanddied September 8, 2022, Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, [18][4], In the 1920s, she was a patron of the Leeds Triennial Musical Festival. During the First World War, Queen Mary instituted an austerity drive at the palace, where she rationed food, and visited wounded and dying servicemen in hospital, which caused her great emotional strain. The Princess and her husband had homes in London (Chesterfield House, Westminster) and in Yorkshire (first Goldsborough Hall, and later Harewood House). Her household, which comprised fifty-five servants, occupied most of the house, except for the Duke and Duchess's private suites, until after the war. Princess Mary died in 1965 at 67 years old, then 15th in line to the British throne. The marriage with Louis took place on Oct. 9, 1514, and Mary treated her husband with affection until he died on January 1 of the following year. Birth date: May 26, 1867. She was known as Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Roman Catholicism in England. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Her New York Times obituary called her a tomboy and mentioned that she worked with the Red Cross and the Girl Guides, the UK's equivalent of Girl Scouts. Mary was buried with her husband at All Saints Church in Harewood, West Yorkshire, England. Mary Tudor, (born March 1495/96died June 24, 1533, Westhorpe, Suffolk, Eng. A devoted Roman Catholic, she attempted to restore Catholicism there, mainly through reasoned persuasion, but her regimes persecution of Protestant dissenters led to hundreds of executions for heresy. As queen consort from 1910, Mary supported her husband through the First World War, his ill health, and major political changes arising from the aftermath of the war. [48] Edward's abdication did not lessen her love for him, but she never wavered in her disapproval of his actions. Princess Mary had five siblings, all brothers: Mary was the first of her siblings to marry. WebMary was born at Greenwich on 18 February 1516, the only surviving child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Sign up to British Heritage Travel's daily newsletter here. All rights reserved. Betrothed at last to the Holy Roman emperor, her cousin Charles V (Charles I of Spain), Mary was commanded by him to come to Spain with a huge cash dowry. [41][42], The Princess Royal was particularly close to her eldest brother, the Prince of Wales, known as David to his close family, who subsequently became Edward VIII upon the death of their father in 1936. The committee's Vice-Presidents included the Princess's sister-in-law, the Hon. In real life, Princess Mary was as low-key as the film suggests, reportedly staying away from the limelight once she married and dedicating much of her time to raising her children and running Harewood House, which the Crawley women visit in Downton Abbey. Looking to brush up on your Welsh slang? Mary, now thirty-seven, rode into London in August 1553 officially as Queen. She died the following year, during the reign of her granddaughter Elizabeth II, who had not yet been crowned. "[64], Mary died on 24 March 1953 in her sleep at the age of 85, ten weeks before her granddaughter's coronation. Albert ascended the throne on Edward's abdication, taking the name George VI. After becoming the Countess of Harewood upon the death of her father-in-law, Princess Mary moved to Harewood House, and took a keen interest in the interior decoration and renovation of the Lascelles family seat. She became fluent in German and French, and developed a lifelong interest in horses and horse racing. During the Second World War, George VI wished his mother to be evacuated from London. [46] Also, in 1949, the 10th Gurkha Rifles were renamed the 10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles in her honour.[48]. WebMary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 24 March 1953) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 6 May 1910 until 20 January 1936 as the wife of King-Emperor George V.. Born and raised in the United Kingdom, Mary was the daughter of Francis, Duke of Teck, a German Mary was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his first wife, the Spanish-born princess Catherine of Aragon. The Princess Royal visited her brother, the Duke of Windsor, at the London Clinic in March 1965, while he recovered from recent eye surgery. The wedding was the first time a child of a monarch had married at Westminster Abbey since 1290 when Margaret of England, daughter of Rulers with Unfortunate Nicknames: The Quiz, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-I, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Mary I of England, The Home of the Royal Family - Biography of Mary I, World History Encyclopedia - Mary I of England, Historic UK - Queen Mary I: Journey to the Throne, Mary I - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mary I - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The movie featuresmoves to the West Yorkshire mansion to marry the 6th Earl and be visited by her parents for a grand ball. Queen Mary wrote in her diary for that day, At 6.30 Mary came to my room to announce to me her engagement to Lord Lascelles! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Princess Mary was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary, born at Sandringham in 1897 during Queen Victoria's reign . Since Mary was already in love with Charles Brandon, 1st duke of Suffolk, she made Henry promise that after Louis died she would be allowed to wed the man of her choice. [32], On 6 May 1910, Edward VII died. Early life [22], Sometimes, Mary and George appear to have been distant parents. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Bloody Mary, Mary Tudor. [38] The war ended in 1918 with the defeat of Germany and the abdication and exile of the kaiser. Henry was infuriated at the news, but Suffolk regained the kings favour by paying him a large sum of money and perhaps by the intercession of Cardinal Wolsey. Had she been born a boy, it is likely that the whole of English history would have been different (but probably less interesting!). As early as the 1520s Henry had planned to divorce Catherine in order to marry Anne, claiming that, since Catherine had been his deceased brothers wife, her union with Henry was incestuous. [7] They played with their cousins, the children of the Prince of Wales, who were similar in age. In the period leading up to her marriage, girls and women in the British Empire named Mary or its variants (including Marie, May and Miriam) banded together to form "The Marys of the Empire," and donated money toward a wedding present. Birth date: May 26, 1867. According to historian Marlene Koenig, he also revealed that Mary suffered when the Earl died in 1947, writing that his mother "found it hard to cope. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, Englanddied September 8, 2022, Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Princess Mary died in 1965 while walking the Harewood grounds with her eldest son and grandchildren. Still childless, sick, and grief stricken, she was further depressed by a series of false pregnancies. [1] (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). A studious and bright girl, she was educated by her mother and a governess of ducal rank. However, Albert Victor died six weeks later, in a recurrence of the worldwide 188990 influenza pandemic. 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