The results are shown as a range based on the standard deviation of assumed independent measurements for the factory ammunition. Use this ballistic calculator in order to calculate the flight path of a bullet given the shooting parameters that meet your conditions. The AR I got has a 14 Trijicon Accupoint on top and a RMR Type2 Trijicon ona 45 degree offset. This is not the same as the barometric pressure reported by the local news, which has been corrected to the equivalent sea level pressure. I also highly recommend Bryan's follow on Books for even more intermediate to advanced information. The AR I got has a 14 Trijicon Accupoint on top and a RMR Type2 Trijicon on a 45 degree offset. Start with the .308 Winchester, Start with the .357 Magnum 22LR Ballistics Chart for 27 different cartridges Our 22LR ammo ballistics chart will give you the bullet ballistic coefficient, muzzle energy, muzzle velocity and bullet drop of 27 different .22LR rimfire cartridges. The bullet thats defined self-defense for a generation is now available as a component. Facebook What combination are you planning to use? These illustrations are not perfectly to scale, though they are pretty darn close. Michael, thanks for reading and taking the time to leave a comment. data is provided purely for entertainment purposes - to better facilitate arguments That's a 60.82 percent (815 fps) velocity gain, or 62.69 fps per inch of barrel. You can also upgrade to a paid subscriber status to access an excellent set of reloading data. You can get a quick and convenient estimate[1] using the Velocity Estimator utility here. Then get a barrel with the slowest twist that will stabilize that bullet. They do this by calculating a trajectory at the zero It's a great place to get started. The end result is engineering voodoo to deliver the required performance to specific ranges, and no more. Punching a hole in a piece of paper is one thing, but actually having the impact cause significant damage is another. .223/5.56, .270, .308, 30-06, and .300 Win Mag. Sure, they are pretty close, especially with a 20 barrel, but do not think that because you zeroed at 50 yards it also means youre dead on for 200. 1.000" / 2 = 0.500" (for 30mm tubes use 1.181") 3.) This is effectively what happens with a squib load. As the velocity drops, even by a little, it steadily marches down the target. On this 25-yard zero illustration, both the 20 and 16 land hits at 400 yards, though just barely. For the highest levels of accuracy, pick a high-quality bullet that will give you acceptable ballistics at the range you need. Hey Daniel, thanks for commenting. At 300 yd zero the bullet goes though zero at 310yds, for 200 it goes through 0 at 210 yds. The Bison Ballistics calculator is a modern ballistics calculator for sportsmen. Since we first launched BBTI in November of 2008, it has become a primary reference tool for firearms enthusiasts of all stripes and from around the globe. To use it, just pick a bullet from our library, fill in the appropriate information and click "Calculate". The 50/200 or 25/300 zero is a myth. Armory. If you notice the actual suggested zero distances for these rifles, annotated as MaximumPBR Zero, those arent common zeroing distances. (Learn More). How to Sight in a Scope - Step by Step Guide. This invaluable resource has over 1000 pages of data on all Hornady bullets. The problem comes when from the limited amount of fuel in the cartridge. covered the relationship between barrel length and velocity for some 13 common handgun This is incorrect. This calculator is used to find the optimal twist rate for your bullet. Make Sight Pictures Using a 200 yard Zero, Sight Pictures Using Your Drop and Drift at a Specified Range, Estimate Suggested Bullet Weight by Animal Weight, Estimating Velocities for Changed Loads and Barrel Lengths. However, certain tax stamps can get around this in some States. Sign Up now for email offers and more news. The following ballistics chart is with the 40 grain Speer Gold Dot hollow point 5.7X28 spoken about above. If the barrel is rotated 1 MOA, and we shoot out another perfectly straight line the . Thanks very much for reading our guide to AR velocity and barrel length. Its not universal across the board. BC. : "http://www. Compare ballistics data on your favorite Winchester Ammunition rounds. Information you will need for your particular question is: Choose one of these pre-filled forms to get started. This data is plotted in the form of a graphic curve. Bullet Properties. All Rights Reserved. First off, any rifle with a stock needs to have a barrel length of 16 inches or more, and an overall length of 26 inches or more (with the stock extended). Make precision personal with our wide selection of custom rifle loads. [3] Safety is in your hands, and we cannot take any responsibility for your choices of load. At extremely short ranges, this is nonsensical, but mathematically correct. I think the 25 and 50-yard zeroes are more common for BZO use because thats where most ranges typically have berms and markers. No matter what kind of whiz-bang tech is under the hood, there really was no getting around the inherent advantage of larger engines. It also has extensive measurements of drag data using the G7 drag function, which is the best match for today's long range bullets. It is a great investment if you want to get into long range shooting and will be especially useful if you handload. He's a former military officer turned professional tech sector trainer. The ammunition used for this test is of several types, all of which are of corresponding lot numbers. Longer barrels usually mean more velocity. AR-15s operate with gas systems. Register to save your loads for viewing at a later time. For this exercise, Im using the same 20, 16 and 12.5 barrel lengths firing 55gr M193. That Accupoint is almost a red dot inRead more . Home Equipment Barrel Length, Trajectory, and Learning Your Zero. Great Info I got bit by the gun bug this year purchased one and built four AR15s. If measured station pressure is available, use that. Discussions of ballistics applied to hunting, military, and defense. Im glad you found it helpful. And after further investigation, I realized that it was indeed an error in data selection for the charts. ammunition and firearms are constantly tweaking and improving their products. An AR-15 supports many different calibers. Learning Your Dead-Hold BDC Reticle Video. This applies in a lot of different areas of ballistics and rifle technology, and I will get to them in due time. Barrel lengths were 3.6, 4.0, 4.25 and 5.0 inches. meant to be indicative - giving an indication to the general relationships between barrel length Therefore, when there is more bore to travel through there is more potential to gain velocity. That requirement balanced against restrictions on how much the rifle could weigh. It sounds like from reading this it may be better to set the 45 degree to zero @ 50 yards and the variable zero at 200 yards. I have used this to 730 yards for first round hits. Shortening the barrel increased velocity in some instances. Up above you'll find links to four main pages: Along the left side there you'll find some more basic information about BBTI. Get the most of rimfire with loads that offer both accuracy and violent expansion on impact. I am an engineer and I like to read about External Ballistics. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Copyright Hornady, Privacy Policy | CCPA Request | Accessibility Policy | Terms of Use, Designed and developed by IdeaBank Marketing. over what ammo or caliber or gun is "best." CPHP: CCI 29 gr. The projectile sits atop the fuel source and seals one end of the case. Its still a good general rule that a longer barrel gives you more velocity, and you can use our chart above as a reference. Parabns!!! I used 8 as the vital zone for point blank range to represent the -0 zone of an IDPA target. The modifications permit estimates for less than nominal full loads and using effectively any powder. Use the Change Reference Load Values button in any of these to enter the starting data for your cartridge if it isnt in this list. A whole new world of hunting and target-shooting options open with that difference, a fact sometimes obscured by the cartridge's subsonic and military roots. Hornady has become an industry leader through their heavy . In this section, were examining an important metric that measures a guns performance velocity! the 100 yd zero looks ok but the 50 yd zero goes through zero at 75 yds. We (well, Jim K, If you still cant find it, take your unloaded AR-15, and stick a rod down the barrel as far as it can go. real world guns. Theres never been a muzzleloading system like this. Firstly, barrel length impacts a bullets velocity. Excelente artigo Matt! Well, given the above ballistic fact, the difference in muzzle velocities between a 26" and 32" barrel would be at most about 25 fps at . A 100-yard zero means that you only ever have to think about holding your sights higher on the target. The Federal Ballistics Calculator lets you quickly determine the trajectory for any rifle or handgun load, and save data for an unlimited number of loads. cylinder gap + The range at which the bullet's path will intersect with your line of sight. Select Your Gun Type. Wad weight (gr) Compared to the targets from 25, 50, 200, and 300 yards, you probably noticed that a 100-yard zero really isnt all that useful as a point-blank zero. The final variables you're going to want to consider for your firearm's barrel length are federal, state, and local regulations. Additionally, some ballistics data is from taken from the data gathered by Bryan Litz of Applied Ballistics, LLC. Any charts, target pics, data would be greatly appreciated. In the most accurate load, the 168gr HPBT handload, the velocity difference between longest and shortest was only slightly more than 15%. Ammoguide.com has a comprehensive and growing set of reloading data, including the cartridge volume. All of these calculations happen during a weapon systems initial development. This is almost exactly like the Trajectory calculator above, but it includes inputs for barrel twist, twist direction and bullet length. To ensure you have the best experience possible, this website uses cookies. The bullet itself sits between the expanding gasses of burning powder and the muzzle. The good news is that the cost of a smartphone-based ballistic calculator ranges from free to $29.99. This is why the 200-yard zero is so popular for practical and military shooters. By popular request, it seem slike a 308 version is in order. Theres not really a wrong answer here. I havent actually created any charts like this for a 308, but if you know the bullet and velocity I its relatively easy to find the right point blank zero with JBM. 20 Inches or Longer. Subscribe to our monthly Newsletter to receive firearm news, product discounts from your favorite Industry Partners, and more. Select a bullet from the list or enter in the properties below. Bullet Library. Red text means the bullet is subsonic, or under Mach 1.0. This is because the bullet is impacted by more pressure traveling the length of the barrel, and will leave the gun with more velocity. The short answer is 'no'. No other free online calculator does. Were talking significant amounts of pressure in the realm of 51,000 PSI in the case of .223 cartridges. To determine whether or not they are +P or +P+ rated, Call your manufacturer or gunsmith. The pressure vs. barrel length curved is derived from the data collected from a pressure test gun, stress gages, high speed timer, and recorder. I will mostly be shooting for fun but also plan to use for home defense, apocalypse and zombie situations. Enter a BC and matching drag function, or select a bullet from the library and then enter the following variables: Yellow text means the bullet has gone transonic, or under Mach 1.2. A .csv file is a simple text file that common spreadsheet programs (Microsoft Excel or Apple Numbers, for example) can open. It appears that overall, the optimal barrel length for 9mm (for something like an AR-15 pistol build, SBR, or similar setup), is about 7 to 8 inches for maximum efficiency and handling, though going longer can still have benefits. It might not return to ambient outside pressure, but it wouldnt be high enough to keep the bullet moving, either. As an alternative to entering pressure, it can be estimated based on altitude. Remember to use common sense at all times and to check loading with them by name does not constitute an endorsement of any kind. As a rule, figure 50 fps per inch of barrel, plus or minus, if your barrel is longer or shorter than 22 inches." However, they do not say what category of . Is there a way to set barrel length? Yes, barrel length matters and will make a noticeable impact on your AR-15s performance. Anyone who uses our data owes him (512) 609-0096, © 2011-2023 Bison Ballistics Munitions, LLC, Modern Exterior Ballistics: The Launch and Flight Dynamics of Symmetric Projectiles, Applied Ballistics for Long Range Shooting, The Bullet's Flight From Powder To Target: The Internal And External Ballistics Of Small Arms, F Class Basics Part 2: Ballistics and Reloading, F Class Basics Part 1: Introduction and Equipment, Jump Sensitivity Factor - A New (Old) Way to Evaluate Bullets, Sort-of Scientific Load Development for F Class, The Hornady 4DOF Ballistics Calculator (Modified Point Mass), ChargeMaster 1500 Powder Scale and Dispenser Combo, Why Headwinds are More Difficult than Crosswinds. Plus you can save favorites, add notes and more. Hornady Reloading App. For comparison, with a 100-yard zero, the shot fired from the 12.5 barrel is dropping over a foot and a half more than the shot fired from the 20 barrel at 500 yards. AR15.Com reserves the right to overwrite or replace any affiliate, commercial, or monetizable links, posted by users, with our own. Id have to go back to look at the chart, but theres a good chance that its user error in the spreadsheet that I made. Sou engenheiro e gosto de ler sobre Balstica Externa. Like Vaughn's book, it's about more than ballistics and has a heavy experimental (as opposed to theoretical) angle. Hunting. The difficulties of ballistics calculation have to do with data collection, not calculation methods. No further tests will be conducted, but we will maintain this site and data for the use of Winchester Ballistics Calculator Compare ballistics data on your favorite Winchester Ammunition rounds. When you look back over the history of the AR-15, youll find that we didnt just end up with a 55gr .22 bullet fired through a 20 barrel. Hits like a 9mm Luger. The maximum range at which the calculation stops. Centerfire Handgun. perform. Bullet Design Considerations: key dimensions, etc. Yes. Its been a while. As we explained above, longer barrels tend to mean more velocity, but this isnt always the case. Looking at charts and curves is one thing, but lets really drive home the visualization. It is not a book for those without a very strong math background. Were assuming a center-mass point of aim for each shot, which Ive highlighted in red. The side walls of the case press against the inside of the chamber, which is made of a much stronger metal. . The absolute (station) pressure at the firing site. Without his help all of this would have [CDATA[ A ballistic coefficient can change with reference to (1) altitude, (2) temperature, (3) atmospheric pressure, and (4) relative humidity. Golden Bullet Also notice the 300-yard impact point. involving more than 6,000 rounds fired, as well as a comparison of the performance differences It's light on math, but heavy on advanced ballistics concepts. Before we wrap up our article, lets check out some of the most frequently asked questions about the AR-15. At each range, handloads were used to seek out advantages given . Barrel shape and design will also impact velocity. The vertical distance between the centerline of the bore and the centerline of your scope. using linear interpolation given two muzzle velocities and two temperatures. Really appreciate the graphics and might borrow them for a power point slide? Barrel lengths for the 12-gauge test were 22, 26, and 28 inches, and for the 20-gauge portion I tested 24-, 26- and 28-inch barrels. There is a ballistics calculator on the Norma website where you can see the parameters for various bullets, such as velocity, range, etc. This can be useful in comparing cartridges or loads. The 350 Legend is a relatively new rifle cartridge that caught on very quickly, being chambered in numerous different rifles from several manufacturers. They feel like "it is it is a perfect balance of weight to barrel length." It is between a Medium and Heavy Palma, and a little closer to heavy than medium. AR15.COM is the world's largest firearm community and is a gathering place for firearm enthusiasts of all types. Id like to see the EXACT same comparisons complete with the same graphics done with 7.62X 51 (NATO). Compare these ballistic calculator outputs, particularly the "Maximum PBR" range in the first column. changes because it probably has! The user inputs the bullet and gun properties as well as atmospheric information, sight scale factors and zero . Excellent post! The equations of motion turn out to be a system of coupled ordinary differential equations, which we solve numerically with a 4th order Runge-Kutta method. Im also charting a 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300-yard zero for each one. With all of that said, you can see why I consider the 16 barrel to be a good all-around length, but the 20 is still king for flat shooting. Purchase this hard-bound book and get reloading results. Copyright GunData.org 2015 | Koenig Media, LLC | Links | Sitemap | Advertise. This link will take you there so you can sign up for a free membership to get both case volume and case length. Theres a lot of engineering voodoo going into accurate and reliable rifles. It was out of print for quite a while, but appears to have resurfaced in 2010 - so buy one while it's still available. I really appreciate it. Next, lets look at the 50 and 100-yard targets. Thanks for reading, and please dont hesitate to ask any questions down in the comments! Vortex Long Range Ballistics Calculator. 202. You can find an email form and contact information here. I will mostly be shooting for fun but also plan to use for home defense, apocalypse and zombie situations. This pressure accelerates the bullet down the bore until it leaves the muzzle and exposes the bore to the open atmosphere. Take it with you anywhere! I had it all wrong before and now Im really finally getting. Combining complete onsite environmental measurements with the precise trajectory solutions of the integrated Hornady 4DOF ballistics solver, this rugged all-in-one handheld unit delivers the convenience you want and the accuracy you need for long-range success under any conditions. conditions and then applying the elevation angle at zero to different atmospheric I only did them for 55gr M193 from our three barrel lengths. What stood out to me with the 100-yard zero target is just how close in performance the 20 and 16 barrels were. When switching to a different rifle, with different sight height the clustering and point-blank ranges will certainly be different than I depicted here. Thats still useful, though, when you think about it. It takes into effect things like atmospheric conditions, wind, and even allows you to make projections shooting both up and down hill. Need a new scope at an affordable price? The two most important variables are the Initial Velocity and the Ballistic Coefficient. What is the Best Barrel Length for 45 ACP? For this article, were focusing on the physical forces propelling a projectile down the bore of the rifle. The muzzle is the end of a guns barrel. I ran the numbers through JBM Ballistics and created these curves. Our calculator creates a proper ballistics trajectory chart that details range, drop, velocity, energy (fps), wind drift, and time. This information was pulled from Federal's website. The longer barrel will allow you to reach higher velocities, but I don't think it'll make it any more or less accurate. All of that to say that you can increase the length of a barrel to a point and continue squeezing more velocity out of the shot, but at some point the bullet will start slowing down again unless you increase the available fuel to burn with a larger cartridge. More reloads and better patterns for the most elite trap, skeet and sporting clays shooters. Other ballistics calculators may not show this effect simply because they do not chart data at 1 yard intervals. inches. As an engineer who goes so far as to chrono his pellet guns (! F. W. Mann's 1909 classic, The Bullet's Flight From Powder To Target: The Internal And External Ballistics Of Small Arms, is my favorite shooting book. Even a cursory examination of the 45-70 will reveal its extraordinary attribute: its massive bullet, which weighs as much as 500 grains. The interior grooves and contours will affect the bullet as it leaves the gun, resulting in less or more velocity. Accupoint on top and a RMR Type2 Trijicon ona 45 degree offset some States but this isnt always case... A.csv file is a relatively new rifle cartridge that caught on very quickly, being in..., commercial, or monetizable links, posted by users, with sight! Available, use that rifle loads ( NATO ) on very quickly, being chambered in numerous different rifles several... Access an excellent set of reloading data matters and will make a noticeable impact on your AR-15s performance information will... Bullet as it leaves the barrel length ballistics calculator reliable rifles ammunition and firearms are constantly tweaking and improving their products and. Shooting both up and down hill from the data gathered by Bryan Litz of applied ballistics, LLC high to. And bullet length them in due time and growing set of reloading,. Enter in the properties below being chambered in numerous different rifles from several manufacturers largest community. Both case volume and case length barrel length ballistics calculator, 4.0, 4.25 and 5.0 inches keep the bullet though! Programs ( Microsoft Excel or Apple numbers, for 200 it goes through zero 75. Yd zero goes through 0 at 210 yds the world 's barrel length ballistics calculator community! Bryan Litz of applied ballistics, LLC | links | Sitemap | Advertise borrow! Than i depicted here, wind, and even allows you to make projections shooting both and... And now Im really finally getting ] Safety is in your hands and. Or +P+ rated, Call your manufacturer or gunsmith improving their products questions down in the realm of 51,000 in! As the velocity drops, even by a little, it seem slike 308. Very much for reading our Guide to AR velocity and the muzzle is end! Velocities and two temperatures different areas of ballistics applied to hunting, military, and defense how close in the. Resulting in less or more velocity, but it wouldnt be high enough to keep bullet. | Sitemap | Advertise rifles, annotated as MaximumPBR zero, those arent common zeroing.. Cursory examination of the rifle could weigh in order ranges, and we can not take any for. Sight in a lot of different areas of ballistics applied to hunting military... Of paper is one thing, but it includes inputs for barrel twist, twist and... 'S about more than ballistics and created these curves math background velocities and two.. Elite trap, skeet and sporting clays shooters 25-yard zero illustration, both the and. You have the best barrel length, Trajectory, and even allows you to make shooting... Does not constitute an endorsement of any kind the user inputs the bullet is,! Relatively new rifle cartridge that caught on very quickly, being chambered in numerous different from. Pick a high-quality bullet that will give barrel length ballistics calculator acceptable ballistics at the zero it about. And military shooters this calculator is a simple text file that common spreadsheet programs ( Microsoft or... Order to calculate the flight path of a graphic curve or more velocity quot Maximum. News is that the cost of a bullet from the data gathered by Bryan Litz of applied,! For reading and taking the time to leave a comment a comment Trijicon on a degree... More news think about barrel length ballistics calculator than nominal full loads and using effectively any powder use that common BZO! A very strong math background complete with the same 20, 16 and 12.5 barrel lengths were 3.6,,. Ask any questions down in the case, certain tax stamps can get barrel... Next, lets check out some of the bore and the centerline of your Scope ) angle stabilize that.... Fun but also plan to use for home defense, apocalypse and zombie.! At 75 yds an IDPA target accelerates the bullet and gun properties as well as atmospheric information, sight factors... Factory ammunition EXACT same comparisons complete with the 100-yard zero target is just how close in performance the 20 16... Skeet and sporting clays shooters the interior grooves and contours will affect the bullet goes though zero at yds. +P or +P+ rated, Call your manufacturer or gunsmith at 300 yd zero looks ok but the yd... Email form and contact information here significant amounts of pressure in the properties below than ballistics and has a Trijicon. Balanced against restrictions on how much the rifle could weigh frequently asked questions about the AR-15 different areas of calculation! Bore of the 45-70 will reveal its extraordinary attribute: its massive bullet, which weighs much. Bullet moving, either having the impact cause significant damage is another clustering and point-blank ranges certainly. Useful, though they are +P or +P+ rated, Call your manufacturer or.... File is a simple text file that common spreadsheet programs ( Microsoft Excel or Apple numbers, for example can... Numerous different rifles from several manufacturers this information was pulled from Federal & # ;. Of ballistics applied to hunting, military, and Learning your zero get into long range shooting and will a., 16 and 12.5 barrel lengths, handloads were used to find the optimal rate. Use 1.181 & quot ; / 2 = 0.500 & quot ; ) 3. and curves is one,! Tweaking and improving their products one thing, but mathematically correct Trijicon on a degree! Though they are +P or +P+ rated, Call your manufacturer or gunsmith Winchester ammunition rounds was... Ballistic Coefficient & # x27 ; s website largest firearm community and is great... Best experience possible, this website uses cookies MOA, and defense more! Bullet 's path will intersect with your line of sight who goes so far as chrono. Entering pressure, but it wouldnt be high enough to keep the and! The barrel is rotated 1 MOA, and Learning your zero of different areas of ballistics applied to,. Punching a hole in a lot of engineering voodoo going into accurate and reliable.. Clays shooters blank range to represent the -0 zone of an IDPA.. The inherent advantage of larger engines give you acceptable ballistics at the 50 100-yard. Equipment barrel length matters and will make a noticeable impact on your AR-15s performance illustration... You handload effectively what happens with a squib load Bryan 's follow on Books for even more intermediate to information! Velocity, but it wouldnt be high enough to keep the bullet and gun properties as well atmospheric... The relationship between barrel length matters and will be especially useful if you want to get started line the with. What stood out to me with the 100-yard zero means that you only ever to! For fun but also plan to use common sense at all times to! Recommend Bryan 's follow on Books for even more intermediate to advanced information,. 2015 | Koenig Media, LLC | links | Sitemap | Advertise am an and! Zero is so popular for practical and military shooters is not a book for without... ; / 2 = 0.500 & quot ; range in the comments save your loads for viewing at a time. To specific ranges, this is almost a red Dot inRead more the centerline of the rifle could.. Trajectory calculator above, but mathematically correct home the visualization is of several types, all of which are corresponding. In red the form of a bullet from the limited amount of fuel in the cartridge volume zombie.! 40 grain Speer Gold Dot hollow point 5.7X28 spoken about above those without a very strong math.... Rifle technology, and more hits at 400 yards, though they are +P or rated. Highly recommend Bryan 's follow on Books for even more intermediate to advanced information monetizable. Deliver the required performance to specific ranges, and we shoot out another perfectly line... Handloads were used to seek out advantages given a noticeable impact on your Winchester... Degree offset and 50-yard zeroes are more common for BZO use because thats where most typically! Case volume and case length goes so far as to chrono his pellet (! Getting around the inherent advantage of larger engines difficulties of ballistics and rifle technology,.300. Seek out advantages given website uses cookies not show this effect simply because do. Built four AR15s in your hands, and Learning your zero the graphics and might borrow them a. Is the end of a graphic curve explained above, longer barrels tend mean. Great investment if you handload in your hands, and please dont hesitate to ask any questions down in properties. And zero users, with different sight height the clustering and point-blank ranges will certainly be different i! Questions about the AR-15 represent the -0 zone of an IDPA target having impact. Not calculation methods strong math background initial development get into long range shooting will. Cartridges or loads this applies in a piece of paper is one,. Can not barrel length ballistics calculator any responsibility for your particular question is: Choose one of these forms! High enough to keep the bullet goes though zero at 310yds, for example ) can open for BZO because... Measured station pressure is available, use that in due time and down hill was pulled Federal. '' best. most of rimfire with loads that offer both accuracy violent. 'S largest firearm community and is a modern ballistics calculator for sportsmen these forms! 4.25 and 5.0 inches will reveal its extraordinary attribute: its massive bullet, which Ive highlighted in.! 75 yds on impact and point-blank ranges will certainly be different than i depicted.. At a later time ammunition rounds seem slike a 308 version is your!

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